This guide seeks to explain the importance of the 23 targets of the Global Biodiversity Framework from the perspectives of Indigenous Peoples. It seeks to set out some potential opportunities and risks of each target, describe some ways in which Indigenous Peoples contribute to its achievement, and consider how to monitor whether states are doing what they have promised. By better understanding the Global Biodiversity Framework, Indigenous Peoples will be better able to take full advantage of its advances and protections, and hold states accountable for their commitments.